Loons
Grebes
Albatrosses
Shearwaters and Petrels
Storm-Petrels
Tropicbirds
Boobies and Gannets
Pelicans
Cormorants
Darters (Anhinga)
Frigatebirds
Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns
Ibises and Spoonbills
Storks
New World Vultures
Flamingos
Ducks, Geese, and Swans
Hawks and Allies
Falcons and Caracaras
Chachalacas and Allies
Grouse, Turkeys, and Allies
New World Quail
Rails, Gallinules, and Coots
Limpkin
Cranes
Thick-knees
Plovers and Lapwings
Oystercatchers
Stilts and Avocets
Jacanas
Sandpipers, Phalaropes,
and Allies
Coursers and Pratincoles
Gulls, Terns, and Allies
Auks
Pigeons and Doves
Parrots and Allies
Cuckoos, Roadrunners,
and Allies
Barn Owls
Typical Owls
Nighthawks and Nightjars
Swifts
Hummingbirds
Trogons
Hoopoe
Kingfishers
Woodpeckers and Allies
Tyrant Flycatchers
Shrikes
Vireos
Crows and Jays
Larks
Swallows and Martins
Chickadees and Titmice
Penduline Tits (Verdin)
Long-tailed Tits (Bushtit)
Nuthatches
Creepers
Wrens
Dippers
Bulbuls
Kinglets
Old World Warblers and
Gnatcatchers
Old World Flycatchers
Thrushes
Babblers (Wrentit)
Mockingbirds and Thrashers
Starlings and Mynas
Accentors
Wagtails and Pipits
Waxwings
Silky-flycatchers
Olive Warbler
Wood-Warblers
Bananaquit
Tanagers
New World Sparrows
Cardinals and Allies
Blackbirds, Orioles, and Allies
Finches and Allies
Old World Sparrows
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NUTHATCHES
Family Sittidae
Chapter author: J. Michael Reed
Bent, A. C. 1948. Life histories of North American nuthatches, wrens,
thrashers, and their allies. Bulletin of the United States National
Museum 195. [reprinted by Dover]
Bock, C. E., and L. W. Lepthien. 1972. Winter irruptions of Red-breasted
Nuthatches in North America, 1950-1970. American Birds 26:558-561.
Harrop, S., and D. Quinn. 1995. Chickadees, tits, nuthatches and treecreepers.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Kilham, L. 1968. Reproductive behavior of White-breasted Nuthatches.
I. Distraction displays, bill-sweeping, and nest hole defense. Auk 85:477-492.
Kilham, L. 1972. Reproductive behavior of White-breasted Nuthatches.
II. Courtship. Auk 89:115-129.
Kilham, L. 1973. Reproductive behavior of Red-breasted Nuthatches. I.
Courtship. Auk 90:597-609.
Matthysen, E. 1998. The nuthatches. T. & A. D. Poyser, London.
Morse, D. H. 1968. The use of tools by Brown-headed Nuthatches. Wilson
Bulletin 80:220-224.
Norris, R. A. 1958. Comparative biosystematics and the life history
of the nuthatches Sitta pygmaea and Sitta pusilla. University
of California Publications in Zoology 56:119-300.
Rand, A. L. 1972. Nest-entrance modification in the nuthatches. Auk
89: 450-451.
Richardson, F. 1942. Adaptive modifications for tree-trunk foraging
in birds. University of California Publications in Zoology 46: 317-368.
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