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Other Corrections and Comments A large number of corrections and comments follow, listed by page number. I have only included a couple of corrections to the maps here. The maps have been completely updated by Paul Lehman and experts from each state and province as of October 2002. New maps appear in Sibley Guide to Birds East and Sibley Guide to Birds West, published in spring 2003. Page 23 - Red-throated Loon - Juvenile should have a completely dusky neck without reddish. (fide Ron Pittaway, D. Paulson) page 24 - Pacific
Loon - flying birds should have more dark on rear flanks so that they
are more distinct from the appearance of Arctic Loon. Change the word
"necklace" to "chin-strap" page 26 - bottom - should say simply "grebes walk with difficulty" - delete reference to Western and Clark's grebes being incapable of walking, as even these species can take a few labored steps before falling forward onto their belly. Page 26 - Red-necked Grebe - The juvenile bird, first winter, and adult nonbreeding can all have quite a bit more whitish on the cheeks than is shown Page 27, Eared Grebe - The first fall bird should have lighter cheeks to look more like an adult Horned Grebe. The adult nonbreeding Eared Grebe should have a more brownish, less contrasting black-and-white pattern on the head. page 28 - Pied-billed Grebe - flying birds should not have head raised (probably same for Least Grebe). "female gives low grunting notes." Both sexes can give low grunting notes; "In aggression a drawn-out, nasal chatter slightly descending." this probably refers to the Greeting Call which both male and female give under almost all BUT aggressive circumstances. This call is not analogous to the Least Grebe chatter. [fide Martin Muller]
page 29 - It could be added that Clark's tends to forage farther from shore and in deeper water than Western, "jump-diving" more than Western does. Dennis Paulson reports that the wingstripe of Western and Clark's Grebes is variable, with the light and dark extremes shown in both species, thus it should not be stated or implied to be a distinguishing characteristic
Page 30 - Short-tailed Albatross - should be described as "much larger and heavier than Black-footed"
page 31 - Black-footed Albatross - Dennis Paulson suggests that body should be heavier in paintings, and also that Laysan Albatross is little or no smaller than Black-footed.
page 32 - Northern Fulmar - Atlantic dark morph "may appear bluish" (fide N. Brinkley)
page 34 - Herald Petrel - flying birds should be overall more delicate in head and breast, more sleek overall and with more slender long wings (fide N. Brinkley) Paul Guris points out that even the palest are dark-hooded with pale chin, some dark on flanks, and some dark on undertail coverts. The dark hood and dark undertail coverts are both good marks to separate distant birds from Black-capped et al.
page 35 - Fea's Petrel - underwing should be darker on both birds add weights Fea's Petrel 320g and Black-capped Petrel 470g (fide Ned Brinkley) Black-capped Petrel - normal posture of bird on water has head and neck tipped back a bit, alert posture is vertical, neither as forward-leaning as shown. Bill should be larger, head blockier and perhaps neck thicker. (fide Ned Brinkley)
page 36 - Cory's Shearwater - voice should say that they are vocal in foraging groupos and that the calls are distinctly nasal (fide Ned Brinkley)
page 37 - Buller's shearwater - Note that tail usually held closed and pointed, but also can be held open
page 38 - Flesh-footed Shearwater - head of flying birds too flat, should be rounded like other shearwaters (fide D. Paulson)
page 39 - Audubon's Shearwater - lighter adult should have dark gray bill like other adult
page 40 - Short-tailed and Sooty Shearwaters - swimming birds somewhat too reddish, bill color should be grayish, not pinkish
page 41 - White-faced Storm-Petrel - flying bird too brown above
page 42-44 - head shapes of swimming Storm-Petrels should not all be the same, illustrations typical of larger species, while smaller ones have less blocky shape (fide N. Brinkley)
page 43 - Leach's Storm-Petrel - white-rumped birds may be found over either warm or cold water
page 45 - Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel - two subspecies should be shown, the larger and paler Alaskan breeders (shown) that wander south at least to WA, and the smaller, darker Washington/Oregon breeders.(fide D. Paulson)
page 48 - Magnificent Frigatebird - header text should read "A distinctive aerial pirate, with the LIGHTEST WING-LOADING (LOWEST BODY WEIGHT RELATIVE TO WING SURFACE AREA) of any bird..."
page 49 - Tropicbirds - Red-billed should be much larger than White-tailed reword labels on bill color to reduce emphasis on this, since there is some overlap in bill color
page 50 - at bottom in discussion of flocks of cormorants vs geese, note that dark ibises also fly in Vs and should be compared - see discussion under dark ibises
page 58 - Least Bittern - Cory's picture should be darker chestnut without light lines above or on the breast, and with mostly blackish-brown bill. specimen from Brazil in 1967, a dozen sight records in ON up to 1981, one photographed in Ohio in 1949 are the most recent credible records. (fide Ron Pittaway) page 60 - Great Blue Heron - not strictly nocturnal, of course, but more active at night than in the daytime. Also note that often feeds on land in grassy or weedy fields, capturing voles or other small mammals. page 62: The label for "2nd year" Reddish Egret of both dark and white morphs should be changed to "adult nonbreeding" and the bright-billed "adult" should be labeled "adult breeding". The bright colors are worn by an individual bird for a few months when breeding, which can happen almost year-round, but mainly about Jan to Jun. page 64 - Cattle Egret - change label: "...ALMOST never in water"; A couple of people have described seeing this species foraging in water, but this is still very rare and the exception to normal behavior. Juv bill color usually changes from blackish to orange by August, but some retain this color through October page 67 - White-faced Ibis averages slightly SMALLER than Glossy in wing and tarsus measurements, but is similar in bill measurements. Pronounced sexual size dimorphism in both species makes the size differences between species virtually useless, but White-faced may look proportionally short-legged and long-billed (see article in Field Notes by Michael Patten and Greg Lasley)
page 72 - Trumpeter Swan - 1st summer should be (Apr-Jul) and juvenile dates (Jul-Mar) (fide D.Paulson) The white juvenile has been recorded at least once in Wyoming, and perhaps should not have been included. Based on the frequency of the white morph juvenile of Mute Swan I included it, wondering if it could be rare but regular and overlooked
page 73 - Swans should all have bright red-orange tomia
page 75 - Aleutian Canada Goose - small text label "White neck ring typical of this population but LACKING IN SOME INDIVIDUALS AND occurs infrequently in all OTHER populations"
page 76 - Brant - Intermediate birds should show more white on the flanks, paler belly, and less white on neck than shown (fide Steve Mlodinov)
page 78 - Ross's Goose - call a high sharp "keek" analogous to "heenk" of Snow Goose.
page 81 - Wood Duck - adult male flanks too yellow
page 82 - Mallard - female usually has dark belly, unlike most other female Anas ducks (fide D. Paulson)
page 85 - Eurasian Wigeon - intro text says "nearly identical to American" which I meant to say, since the only substantial difference is in the male plumage, but it might be misconstrued. If there was room I would add the words "ALL EXCEPT ADULT MALE nearly identical to American..."
page 96 - Harlequin Duck voice wrong - "Male gives a high, scratchy squeak 'tiiv' sometimes rapidly repeated, along with lower clucking notes reminiscent of Bald Eagle." Dennis Paulson points out the characteristic shallow wingbeats of Harlequin Duck
page 99 - White-winged Scoter - adult male has bill bright red, at least in mid-winter
page 102 - Common Merganser - female should have shaggier crest than male; often raise tail when swimming
page 103 - Ruddy Duck - dark adult male - should match color of typical adult male.
page 104 - In intro text for raptors the sentence that runs from third to fourth line should read: Species with similar shapes tend to have similar habits. [not habitats].
page 107 - Turkey Vulture - gliding silhouette "hands" too long, should be equal to arm, also "hands" should be angled up slightly (fide J. Liguori) Juvenile should have narrow white ring on nape
page 108 - Northern Harrier - adult female should have less white around eye, as illustrated is very unusual pattern; flying adult female and juvenile should both have darker inner secondaries (fide J. Liguori)
page 111 - Mississippi Kite - juv flying should have yellow feet
page 118 - Broad-winged Hawk - heavily marked light juv in flight should have underwing coverts much less heavily marked, close to the underwing pattern of the lightly marked bird. (fide J. Liguori) Dark juveniles are often mottled pale on the body, not solid dark as shown (fide J. Liguori) Molting juvenile at bottom could add that similar pattern can be shown by any buteo
page 120 - Swainson's Hawk - steep glide silhouette should have the 'hands' angled almost straight back (fide J. Liguori)
page 123 - Harlan's Red-tailed Hawk - add label showing that light adult has "white eye arcs" Some copies of early printings show a greenish tail tip on the perched juv Harlan's, this is incorrect
page 125 - Rough-legged Hawk - dark juv flying upperside should have pale wing panels less obvious, less conspicuous than on light juv. (fide J. Liguori)
page 126 - Golden Eagle - 2nd year should have juv-like tail with a few gray subadult feathers mixed in. (fide J. Liguori)
page 128 - Osprey - mention that females tend to have streaked breast and males a clean white breast, but juveniles have more streaks than adults, and there is complete overlap, so it is not safe to sex individual birds by this feature. (fide J. Liguori)
page 130 - Merlin - Pacific in flight - female and juvenile should have tail more boldly banded like Taiga Merlin (fide D. Paulson)
page 132 - Gyrfalcon - gray adult above should have more barring Gray juv underwing should be more mottled like Prairie Falcon (fide J. Liguori)
page 133 - Peregrine Falcon - Tundra adult, most have less barring "hands" of some silhouettes are too short (fide J. Liguori)
page 137 - Northern Bobwhite - rufous colors too bright
page 141 - Ring-necked Pheasant - Following AOU nomenclature the Japanese Green should be listed as a subspecies of Ring-necked, not a full species.
page 142 - Spruce Grouse - voice description - delete first sentence about low hoots, this is a mistake perpetuated in recordings and in the literature. See postings on ID Frontiers Jul-Aug 2001 on this subject.
page 146 - Ruffed Grouse - I deliberately illustrated the displaying male with a broken tail band. This is not an error. While most males have a solid tail band quite a few do have a broken tail band and this is not a reliable feature for determining the sex of a Ruffed Grouse.
page 148 - Gunnison Sage-Grouse - male's tail not paler than Greater as much as strongly barred black and white. Female tail similar to Greater. see K. Able article in Birding
page 154 - Virginia Rail - adult colors too bright and pale below Purple Swamphen - fix color and proportions of art. Most or all Florida birds are of the gray-headed Caspian population. All are longer-legged than shown. see note by Bill Pranty in Winging It 2001
page 162 - European Golden Plover - bills too short, average shorter than other Golden Plovers, but not quite as much as shown
page 163 - Pacific and American Golden Plovers can show more obvious wing stripe Pacific juv has finely streaked upper breast, American does not (fide D. Paulson) Note that adult breeding plumage of Pacific shows more dark on nape, a broader stripe when viewed from behind.
page 166 - Mongolian Plover - adult breeding too red
page 168 - Oystercatchers leg color too yellow, should be white-pink
page 176 - Black-tailed Godwit - flying birds on left are Juvenile, not adult nonbreeding Bar-tailed Godwit - wingtips should project well beyond tail on perched birds, farther than on Marbled (fide D. Paulson)
page 177 - Marbled Godwit - nonbreeding bird should have 2/3 of bill bright pink, brighter than shown
page 178 - Ruddy Turnstone - females are actually much duller than males and can be distinguished in the field Ruddy Turnstone legs can be brighter orange than shown Black Turnstone - legs can be rather bright orange-brown in adults and juvs, variable (fide D. Paulson)
page 179 - Surfbird - juvenile should be fresher, with bolder white edges on back feathers and streaked breast Adult breeding shown is fresh spring colors, worn birds in July have rufous color faded to whitish (fide D. Paulson)
page 180 - Rock Sandpiper - Pribilof adult breeding is typical of female, male is whiter on the head and breast with contrastingly dark auricular patch (fide Rich Hoyer)
page 182 - Sanderling - difference between male and female is slight, not as pronounced as shown
page 186 - Semipalmated Sandpiper - young juveniles have olive-colored legs, turning blackish by late fall. change juvenile label to "upperside relatively uniform scaly, usually little rufous" (fide D. Paulson)
page 190 - Stilt Sandpiper - breeding adult shown is very heavily marked, most are lighter below with barring less extensive and brownish rather than black
page 191 - Short-billed Dowitcher - consider changing "Prairie" to Central, since the subspecies only migrates through the prairie. adult breeding Prairie is typically more spotted on the flanks than shown and has slightly paler orange behind the legs (fide Ron Pittaway) Some individual juveniles may be difficult to distinguish from juvenile Long-billed, see Dennis Paulson's Shorebirds of the Pacific Northwest and discussion of one bird by Julian Hough at http://hometown.aol.com/jrhough1/Dodgydow.html
page 195 - Red Phalarope breeding plumage too bright red change label on juv "heavy bill, OFTEN pale at base" juv Red and Red-necked colors too reddish, should be buffy. Text should make clear that these colors fade before the birds migrate much south of the breeding grounds.
page 198 - Parasitic Jaeger - intermediate juv much too rufous, should be brown or gray-brown. (fide D. Paulson)
202-237 - Gulls and terns all too blue on back
page 208 - Little Gull - swimming birds hold wingtips raised higher than other small gulls. (fide Clay Taylor) Flying 1st winter shows dark smudge on underside of tertials (fide K. Mullarney)
page 212 - Mew Gull - some have narrower tail band than shown, and a few have fairly clean whitish rump and well-defined tail band similar to Common Gull. (fide D. Paulson)
page 215 - California Gull - juvenile should be much more crisply marked, all upperparts feathers tipped white change label on adult nonbreeding "darker gray THAN HERRING" leg color of 3rd winter and adult nonbreeding are too bright, should be grayish-green or grayish-yellow, never as bright as Ring-billed
page 218 - Thayer's Gull - add labels noting that flying adult on the left is darker and on the right is paler header text should say "slightly LARGER, darker..." add label for mostly white underside of primaries on perched adult note that mantle is slightly darker gray than Herring on most individuals, but this can be very difficult to judge mention that adults rarely have dark mark on bill tip in winter (unlike Herring) (fide S. Howell)
page 221 - Glaucous-winged Gull - difference between juvenile and 1st winter in overall color is simply individual variation, not age Flying 1st and 2nd winter birds should be a little darker (fide D. Paulson)
page 223 - Western Gull - "drooping skirt" refers to the tips of the outer secondaries which often hang below the folded coverts. I think the relatively broad wings (long secondaries) of this and a couple of closely-related species make this feature much more prominent than on the narrower-winged gulls, but it is certainly not a strong field mark.
page 225 - Lesser Black-backed Gull - label long oval shaped red gonys spot
page 234 -Forster's Tern - juv brown color on back disappears with fading, not wear
page 235 - Aleutian Tern - juv may be too bright reddish
page 244 - Pigeon Guillemot - juvs apparently always darker than adults, never similar to adult nonbreeding. Some even have well-defined dark cap and lack white on upperwing coverts, can be mistaken for murre (fide D. Paulson)
page 249 - Long-billed Murrelet - many in juv and nonbreeding plumage have pale gray patches on nape, not "entirely dark". The pale gray patches create a pattern reminiscent of Pacific Loon, which is distinctive but is not shown by all.
page 252 - Rhinoceros Auklet - flying birds should be chunkier, football-shaped, with head not raised Same applies to some other small alcids (fide D. Paulson)
page 259 - Ruddy Ground Dove too red
page 265 - Yellow-chevroned Parakeet -
page 269 - Band-tailed Pigeon - habitat should be described as "coniferous and oak woods" not necessarily mountainous (fide D. Paulson) Text says wings are pointed, when in fact they are less pointed than Rock Dove (fide D. Paulson)
page 272 - Barn Owl and Long-eared Owl - mention that Long-eared nests in woodland, Barn in structures and cliff crevices, hunt in a variety of small or large open areas and open woods. (fide D. Paulson)
page 274 - Great Horned Owl - can be found in desert areas, far from trees, nesting on cliff ledges. "Arctic" birds paler than shown, white with brownish markings (fide D. Paulson)
page 276 - Spotted and Barred Owls - habitat could be described better, Spotted associated with Old-growth forest in NW (in oak canyons farther south and east), Barred not always in mixed woods but in any woodland
page 279 - Flammulated Owl - in WA habitat is plain Ponderosa Pine forest (fide D. Paulson)
page 280 - Western Screech Owl - appreantly WA birds are redder in west, grayer in east, not dimorphic (fide D. Paulson)
page 282 - Northern Pygmy Owl - in WA occur in pure coniferous woods, not mixed (fide D. Paulson)
page 285 - Common Poorwill - WA birds are all dark, not light and dark morph The population name "Pacific" is misleading when the species does not occur in western WA in WA found in Ponderosa Pine forest, even in areas with fairly dense brush (fide D. Paulson)
page 291 - Bottom text about all swifts carrying food in pouch is incorrect; should say that Black Swift and other species in the subfamily Cypseloidinae do NOT carry food in a pouch. (fide C. Collins) White-throated Swift - color should be dark brown, not black, some glossy sheen above but wings especially brown (fide D. Paulson)
page 293 - Plain-capped Starthroat - tail pattern should show white across tips of all except central pair, with less dramatic difference between outermost and inners so pattern resembles almost a terminal band of white spots. (fide W. Russell)
page 301 - Rufous and Allen's Hummingbirds - orange colors too bright
page 304 - Belted Kingfisher - juv sexually dimorphic, female shown, male has much less rufous (fide D. Paulson)
page 305 - Ringed Kingfisher - rufous belly too bright
page 311 - Red-naped Sapsucker - typical female is shown, some have all white throat Birds in cascades of WA can have more red on head, approaching Red-breasted (fide D. Paulson)
page 312-313 - Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers - Note variation in pattern of nape, both sexes can have obvious to no black connecting crown to black nape stripe. apparently in MA male Downys tend to have a solid red patch on the hind crown while Hairys have the red divided by a vertical black line (fide Jim Berry) Juveniles of both species show sexual dimorphism with juv male having red crown and female having little or no red on crown Downy Woodpecker Pacific should be darker below like Hairy, birds east of Cascades are dingy in southeast WA, white below in northeast WA (fide D. Paulson)
page 321 - Rose-throated Becard - add pink on throat of flying adult male Juvenile too bright above page 328 - Dusky Flycatcher - bill not usually mostly dark below; usually 30-50% dark-tipped. Add note on assessing bill color (very difficult except from directly below) and variation in bill color (extensive enough to make this a suggestive mark at best)
page 329 - Gray Flycatcher - habitat in WA is open Ponderosa Pine forest rather than sagebrush (fide D. Paulson)
page 331 - Say's Phoebe - belly too red; adult has head darker than back Vermilion Flycatcher - shape of flying birds wrong, much more slender and long-headed
page 332 - Ash-throated Flycatcher - habitat in WA is oaks and riparian woods (fide D. Paulson)
page 333 - Great Crested Flycatcher - fix art of tertial edges fix art of tail pattern Brown-crested Flycatcher - bill size not larger than Great Crested in eastern birds see article by Cardiff and Dittmann in Louisiana Birds, website
page 334 - Thick-billed Kingbird - juv should be even yellower below
page 335 - Gray Kingbird - juvenile should have wing coverts edged cinnamon, tail browner (fide N. Wamer) Eastern Kingbird - add illustration and text about fluttering flight with quick shallow wingbeats
page 337 - Cassin's Kingbird - fix art and text to show "white chin and malar"
page 339 - Great Kiskadee - too bright
page 341 - Northern Shrike - brown immature usually has more prominent dark mask, rarely as indistinct as shown (fide D. Paulson)
page 342 - Red-eyed Vireo - mention that juv has brown eye through 1st winter
page 344 - Warbling Vireo - song: When western birds end song with high note it is still close in pitch to high parts earlier in song, Eastern birds end with note higher than any other part of song
page 346 - Hutton's Vireo - habitat in WA is mixed woods (fide D. Paulson)
page 347 - Thick-billed Vireo - reconcile art with White-eyed: wing color, leg shape and color, etc should match White-eyed more closely.
page 352-353 - Scrub Jays - all a little too blue and contrasty page 352 - Western Scrub-Jay - habitat in WA includes all forest types and urban/suburban woods (fide D. Paulson)
page 354 - Mexican Jay - bill color of juv should be pale fleshy pink color, not yellow (fide Eric Horvath)
page 356 - Gray Jay - belly of Pacific birds should be much paler than others, darken others so this is evident (intermediate birds found in Okanagon highlands; fide D. Paulson)
page 357 - Clark's Nutcracker - color of body should be distinctly brownish-gray, not clear blue-gray
page 363 - Horned Lark - reddish colors too bright
page 366 - Northern Rough-winged Swallow - cinnamnon wingbars of juvenile too bright
page 367 - Violet Green Swallow - adult female shown is typical of all females, none are similar to adult male. Also note that VG has more fluttery flight and is less tied to water for nest-sites than Tree Swallow Tree Swallow - adult females are all similar to adult male, the drab bird illustrated is 1st year female (fide D. Paulson)
page 368 - Bahama Swallow - adult females are all similar to adult male, drab bird shown is 1st year female (fide D. Paulson)
page 368 - bottom text add "WESTERN Mexican populations of Cliff Swallow, FOUND NORTH TO SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA, average...
page 370 - Barn Swallow - overall too bright reddish revise text to say that "there is a complete range of variation from nearly white below to rich orange-buff, females tend to be paler than males but there is complete overlap" No records of Eurasian in WA (fide D. Paulson), records as far south as BC
page 374 - Black-capped Chickadee - titmouse-like call not heard in WA (fide D. Paulson)
page 375 - Mountain Chickadee - worn bird usually has more prominent supercilium than shown (fide D. Paulson)
page 380 - Red-breasted Nuthatch - underparts too bright mention that juvs of each sex look like respective adults
page 381 - White-breasted Nuthatch - mention that juvs of each sex look like respective adults
page 383 - Brown Creeper - all are brown in WA (fide D. Paulson)
page 384 - Carolina Wren - crown is grayish-brown on all, not bright reddish like back
page 386 - House Wren - in WA all juvs are grayish like adults (fide D. Paulson)
page 399 - Bluethroat - upperparts of all illustrations are too gray, should be distinctly brownish
page 400 - Mountain Bluebird - change "trace of rufous" to brownish or buffy wash At least some juveniles may have spotted back (fide K. Able)
page 401 - Western and Eastern Bluebirds - blue and orange colors too bright
page 402 - illustrate variant Varied Thrush with no orange color; one recorded in Tacoma WA (fide D. Paulson) also recorded in England and once on Farallon Islands, CA
page 403 - American Robin - change Adult male Atlantic Canada label to "Adult male dark" Change last line of bottom text to "DARK MALES, richly colored with extensive black on nape and mantle, MAKE UP A MINORITY OF THE FAR NORTHEASTERN POPULATION, GRADUALLY LESS NUMEROUS TO SOUTH AND WEST." underparts color of males is too bright
page 404 - Rufous-backed Robin - too bright? Aztec Thrush - song "a rather rapid (feeling rushed), quiet American-Robin-like set of phrases without pauses and with a complex metallic burry quality reminiscent of solitaire's tonality; one or two of the notes within a given set are apparently of the explosive, grating "preeep" or "preeer" type" mentioned in the guide, harsh buzzy "wheeeer" heard occasionally between songs. (Ned Brinkley, pers.comm.)
page 406 - Veery - too bright?
page 408 - Bicknell's Thrush - header text should read "both nest in low spruce OR FIR woods..." (fide R. Pittaway)
page 410 - Gray Catbird - color too blue
page 412 - Brown Thrasher - much too bright
page 416 - European Starling - adult breeding shown is male, with blue bill base; female has pink bill base Flight feathers on flying birds should be brown
page 419 - White Wagtail - enlarge juv slightly to match adults
page 420 - Red-throated Pipit - bright adult too bright
page 422 - Red-whiskered Bulbul - map in some printings is missing the small purple spot in southern Florida.
page 423 - waxwings - 1st year birds can have red tips on secondaries First year Bohemian should not be sexed, male and female are similar (fide D. Paulson)
page 427 - Orange-crowned Warbler - habitat is low trees and shrubs, entering weedy vegetation only on migration and in winter Orange crown-patch of male is often conspicuous in spring in the field (fide D. Paulson)
page 433 - Chestnut-sided Warbler - flanks too bright
page 434 - Cape May Warbler - cheeks of adult male too bright
page 436 - Yellow-rumped Warbler - habitat is breeding in coniferous forest (fide D. Paulson)
page 437 - Black-throated Gray Warbler - habitat in WA includes mixed forest and often moist (fide D. Paulson)
Page 441 - Palm Warbler - flying Yellow birds are "Adult breeding"
page 443 - Bay-breasted Warbler - reddish colors too bright
page 460 - Bananaquit - should show more obvious white corners on tail
page 462 - Summer Tanager - wings of female should be paler, matching body color more closely
page 484 - Brewer's Sparrow - adult Northern should not show streaking on sides of nape, at least in nonbreeding
page 490 - Savannah Sparrow - in WA all birds are in between reddish and grayish types shown; coastal breeders dark-striped but not as extreme as beldingi, interior birds close to grayish type; some large Aleutian breeders on coast. (fide D. Paulson)
page 491 - Vesper Sparrow - habitat in WA includes Shrub-steppe worn adult too dark (fide D. Paulson)
page 493- Lark Sparrow - habitat in WA includes shrub-steppe (fide D. Paulson)
page 494 - Golden-crowned Sparrow - many 1st year birds show no trace of yellow on crown (fide D. Paulson)
page 495 - White-crowned Sparrow - habitat overlaps broadly with Golden-crowndd and the two are typically found together in winter, it is White-throated that is more of a woodland bird (fide D. Paulson)
page 498 - Song Sparrow - breeding habitat in WA includes woods with a brushy understory Not really found in small flocks, just in local concentrations Pacific bird should be much larger than southerly birds (fide D. Paulson)
page 499 - Swamp Sparrow - adult breeding has malar too bright cinnamon-buff
page 506 - McKay's Bunting and Snow Bunting - adult males in flight are both "nonbreeding" adjust weights to be more similar, McKay's is not much heavier than Snow Bunting. McKay's Bunting adult male nonbreeding should be more extensively and lightly washed with buffy color (at least in fall, fide P. Lehman) Snow Bunting juvenile should show very little rufous color on folded wings and paler gray overall, intermediate between this illustration and the McKay's shown (fide P. Lehman)
page 510 - Brown-headed Cowbird - first-year males are duller than adult males with less glossy black body (fide D. Paulson) Shiny Cowbird adult male should be painted slightly less glossy, more of a flat black color
page 514 - Rusty Blackbird - beware that many winter males look all black and quite glossy, very much like Brewer's. Add to intro text - In most plumages distinctly rusty, adult males most similar to Brewer's.
page 516 - Boat-tailed Grackle - change bottom text to indicate that birds in northeast Florida north of Flagler Beach are pale-eyed, dark-eyed occupy Florida south of Flagler Beach (fide W. Biggs)
page 519 - Bullock's Oriole - female can have black on throat but not black lores
page 520 - Orchard Oriole - adult male too red
page 521 - Spot-breasted Oriole - map should show a small purple spot in southern Florida where some printings show a barely visible pale blue spot.
page 528 - Purple Finch - habitat in WA includes dense forest (fide D. Paulson)
page 529 - Cassin's Finch - face pattern of female should be more contrasting in WA found in montane conifer forest, not just pines (fide D. Paulson) House Finch - males generally have more streaking on underparts than males of Purple or Cassin's Mention that House Finch is the species likely to be found around buildings and urban settings, the only species that will ever nest on window ledges or other structures
page 530 - crossbills - technically feed on seeds in cones, and on Douglas-firs, not true firs (fide D. Paulson)
page 531 - White-winged Crossbill - flying birds mis-sexed
page 534 - Pine Siskin - face pattern of adult male should match female with dark semicircle on auriculars, also note that sexual dimporphism shown in yellow markings is extremely variable and not safe to sex birds, complete overlap Lawrence's Goldfinch - add illustration of juvenile showing streaked plumage
page 535 - Lesser Goldfinch - wing pattern wrong on female - greater coverts should be darker than secondaries. Add that Lesser is found in drier habitats, American in wetter (riparian? willow?) habitats (fide D. Paulson)
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